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Current research, key performances and future development of search and rescue robots

LIU Jinguo, WANG Yuechao, LI Bin, MA Shugen

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第4期页码 404-416 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0070-2

摘要： Frequent natural disasters and man-made catastrophes have threatened the safety of citizens and have attracted much more attention. The rescue mission under disaster environment is very complicated and dangerous for a rescue team. Search and rescue (SAR) robots can not only improve the efficiency of rescue operations but also reduce the casualty of rescuers. Robots can help rescue teams and even replace rescuers to perform dangerous missions. Search and rescue robots will play a more and more important role in the rescue operations. A survey of the research status of search and rescue robots in Japan, USA, China and other countries has been provided. According to current research, experiences and the lessons learned from applications, the five key performances of a search and rescue robot are survivability, mobility, sensing, communicability and operability. Multi-technique fusion and multi-agent intelligent network are considered to be requirements for the future development of the search and rescue robot. Disaster prevention, disaster reduction and disaster rescue are the important parts of national public safety. They are also crucial for the safety of citizens and their estates. Search and rescue robotic technique is an urgent needed, strategic and core technique for national development. It will be important and strategic for national economy and safety.

关键词： national development communicability mobility national intelligent network

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Strategic position and development prospects of nuclear energy in China

SHEN Wenquan

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第2期页码 125-128 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0015-9

摘要： By analyzing the challenges of China s energy supply, an excellent perspective of nuclear power development in the country has been described. Taking into account the near-, mid-, and long-term development requirements, a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable nuclear power program is proposed. Thus, our national nuclear industry can not only catch up with the world s advanced level in proper time, but also possess enough stamina for sustainability.

关键词： development excellent perspective long-term development comprehensive national

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Discussion on advanced manufacturing

WANG Xiankui

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第3期页码 251-262 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0044-4

摘要： Advanced manufacturing consists of continuity of manufacturing, its broad sense, and the core of the manufacturing process. The technology of continuous manufacturing is discussed according to both historical and modern perspectives. The relationship between human development and manufacturing technology is also discussed. Manufacturing is a continuously evolving topic. It is not only the foundation and means of imagination, conception, the science, and the technology of material change, but also the expression of national economy, national defense, and the support industries. The broad sense of manufacturing theory, which extends the concept of manufacturing, is an important development in the 20th century. The sense is analyzed in connection with design, material forming theory, synthesis of manufacturing technology, manufacturing modes, life cycle of product, hardware and software, and support environment, etc. At the same time, the core action and the development of the theory and technology of process is also discussed. At the end of this paper, the development directions of mechanical manufacturing science and technology are mentioned.

关键词： development national manufacturing process support environment mechanical manufacturing

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The Fast Road of Shale Gas Development in China —Reflections on Building a Special Test Areas for NationalShale Gas Development

Da-wei Zhang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第4期页码 364-372 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015062

摘要： China’s shale gas development has had a good start. It is necessary that the developers take advantage of the opportunity to make further efforts to promote shale gas development in China, in particular by rolling out a comprehensive plan on a national level. The author makes a proposal to establish a special shale gas test area in and adjacent to the Sichuan Basin as the most important way to promote the rapid development of shale gas in China. For this purpose, the author analyzes the current situation and problems of shale gas development in China, addresses the necessity and feasibility of establishing a special test area for shale gas development, and draws up the scope of this shale gas special test area of about 450 thousand square kilometers, covering Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, and part of Yunnan, Hunan, Hubei provinces, and proposes the establishment of a shale gas test area in China. This consists of an overall plan, targets, and contents in 10 aspects, along with organization and implementation modes. The shale gas exploration and development in the shale gas zones is promoted vigorously by introducing special policies and innovating exploration, development and utilization model. While at the same time, the shale gas zones of continental facies in the Ordos Basin and marine-terrigenous facies in South Hubei Basin will be established. The experiences of the reform in the shale gas zones will be the good practice for the reform of petroleum organization system.

关键词： China shale gas exploration and development reform special shale gas test area (shale gas zone)

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我国国家质量基础设施发展战略研究

宫轲楠,于连超,徐学林

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第3期页码 46-52 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.03.015

摘要：

国家质量基础设施（NQI）是一个国家高质量发展的技术基础，是国家创新体系的重要组成部分。提升国家质量基础设施的技术能力和管理水平是支撑科技强国、质量强国建设的关键手段。开展国家质量基础设施发展战略研究，对支撑我国从大国向强国转变具有重要战略意义。本文系统分析了国内外质量基础设施发展现状以及存在的问题，研究提出了我国国家质量基础设施发展战略的总体思路、发展目标和发展方向，从明确国家质量基础设施的战略定位，优化国家质量基础设施组织体系建设，夯实国家质量基础设施基础及系统性服务，加强国家质量基础设施多元化投入保障，推动国家质量基础设施国际交流合作等方面提出政策及保障措施建议，以期为我国国家质量基础设施的科学发展提供支撑和参考。

关键词：国家质量基础设施，标准，计量，认证认可，检验检测

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迈向生态文明建设——基于第二次全国污染物普查结果的经验启示 Perspective

谢明辉, 段华波, 康鹏, 乔琦, 白璐

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第9期页码 1336-1341 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.11.003

摘要：

如何平衡经济发展与环境保护之间的关系并实现可持续，一直以来是全球备受关注的热门话题，也是突出难题。近年来，我国把生态文明建设摆在全局工作的突出位置，持续推动高质量和绿色低碳发展，特别是自改革开放以来由快速工业化和城镇化带来的环境污染问题开始得以遏制并显著好转。2020年6月10日，我国公布了《第二次全国污染源普查》调查报告，其为生态文明建设成效提供了强有力的定量化评价依据。通过对比第一次和第二次全国污染源普查结果，可知在维持经济总量稳定增长的同时，各类污染物的排放总量正在持续下降且趋势明显。显然，我国新时代绿色发展和生态文明建设策略成效显著，可为其他国家和地区可持续发展道路提供参考。

关键词：生态文明第二次全国污染源普查绿色发展可持续发展

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RESEARCH AND APPLICATION OF CROP PEST MONITORING AND EARLY WARNING TECHNOLOGY IN CHINA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第1期页码 19-36 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021411

摘要：

The importance of food security, especially in combating the problem of acute hunger, has been underscored as a key component of sustainable development. Considering the major challenge of rapidly increasing demands for both food security and safety, the management and control of major pests is urged to secure supplies of major agricultural products. However, owing to global climate change, biological invasion (e.g., fall armyworm), decreasing agricultural biodiversity, and other factors, a wide range of crop pest outbreaks are becoming more frequent and serious, making China, one of the world’s largest country in terms of agricultural production, one of the primary victims of crop yield loss and the largest pesticide consumer in the world. Nevertheless, the use of science and technology in monitoring and early warning of major crop pests provides better pest management and acts as a fundamental part of an integrated plant protection strategy to achieve the goal of sustainable development of agriculture. This review summarizes the most fundamental information on pest monitoring and early warning in China by documenting the developmental history of research and application, Chinese laws and regulations related to plant protection, and the National Monitoring and Early Warning System, with the purpose of presenting the Chinese model as an example of how to promote regional management of crop pests, especially of cross border pests such as fall armyworm and locust, by international cooperation across pest-related countries.

关键词： China / law / early warning system and national crop pest monitoring / pest management / regulation and sustainable agricultural development

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秦巴山脉国家中央公园战略发展研究

雷会霞,敬博

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第5期页码 39-45 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.05.006

摘要：

秦巴山脉地区自然生态与历史人文资源丰厚，是国家级自然保护区、森林公园与地质公园最为集中的区域之一。本文基于对秦巴山脉地区资源价值与保护利用现实存在问题的剖析，借鉴其他国家建设国家公园的相关经验，围绕提升秦巴山脉国际影响力、解决资源保护与社会扶贫矛盾的战略目标，探讨秦巴山脉建设国家中央公园的必要性和可行性，并提出在秦巴山脉地区建设国家中央公园的思路和建议。

关键词：秦巴山脉地区国家公园战略研究社会扶贫

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面向经济主战场强化国家战略科技力量的思考

白光祖,彭现科,王宝,曹晓阳,徐冰鑫,孙思源,王强,夏佳文

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第6期页码 120-127 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.06.019

摘要：

建设现代化经济体系是我国经济发展的战略目标，迫切需要国家战略科技力量发挥战略支撑、前瞻引领、源头供给、原始驱动作用。本研究在深刻认识面向经济主战场强化国家战略科技力量重大意义的基础上，提出聚焦创新驱动、协同发展的现代产业体系强化国家战略科技力量的总体思路，旨在新一轮科技革命与产业变革中打造重塑全球产业竞争格局、决定我国国际经济地位的主导力量。分别从做强战略科技力量主体、构建产业科技创新网络、发挥战略支撑作用三个方面系统研究了强化国家战略科技力量的主要路径与具体举措。从分类施策支持产业创新、培养产业科技人才梯队、优化产业创新体系文化、强化金融资本市场支持、打造专业科技服务体系方面提出了相关政策建议。

关键词：经济主战场，国家战略科技力量，现代产业体系

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全民健康与医药卫生事业发展战略研究

王小宁,付磊,尹岭,支晨,李晓雪,刘晓云,尹德卢,王健,刘冉,党海霞,刘运芳,杨志平,王陇德,樊代明

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第2期页码 1-7 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.02.001

摘要：

2014年6月，中国工程院启动了“我国全民健康与医药卫生事业发展战略研究”重大咨询项目，深入分析了制约我国全民健康与医药卫生事业发展的瓶颈问题，提出了相应的对策建议，并形成研究报告。在此基础上，项目组结合新近动态，特别是党中央和国务院在“全国卫生与健康大会”上的指示精神，对若干问题做进一步论述。面对全民健康日益恶化的严峻形势和人民群众“看病难，看病贵”的难题，本文强调应把我国医药卫生事业的重心从疾病救治模式向防控模式转移，同时尽快调整全民健康和医药卫生事业的统领模式，加强政府引导，强化公民健康促进的国家意识和制度建设，使每个公民都能自觉地参与到健康促进的行动中来，确保全民健康促进与医药卫生事业发展新策略的高效落地，从而实现长久可持续发展。

关键词：全民健康医药卫生发展战略

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Green Construction of National Speed Skating Oval

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第1期页码 170-176 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0177-x

关键词： super large-span cable net structure CO₂ Transcritical Direct-cooling Ice Making System dynamic high-precision construction measurement green construction National Speed Skating Oval

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Research on overlaying welding rod of high hardness maraging steel

PAN Yong-ming, CHEN Shao-wei

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年第1卷第4期页码 465-467 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0060-9

摘要： The development of new maraging steel overlaying welding rod, which contains Co, Mo, W and V alloy, solved the problems of poor homogeneity of hardness and mechanical process, prolonged the service life of wear-resistant components and increased the productive efficiency of repairing, greatly benefiting the national economy.

关键词： development productive efficiency national homogeneity mechanical

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中国健康服务业发展战略研究

韩德民,卢九星,李星明,李建

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第2期页码 21-28 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.02.004

摘要：

为落实健康中国发展战略，推进中国健康服务业的发展，中国工程院于2015 年启动“中国健康服务业发展战略研究”重大咨询项目。课题自启动以来，组织了28位院士和150余位专家，对京上广深等一至三线共12个城市进行了广泛的社会调查。本文在大量社会调查的基础上，从健康服务业的概念、内涵、发展特点入手，深入分析了国内健康服务业的发展现状；以全方位、全覆盖、全过程建立健康服务保障体系为目标，对健康服务业的定位、发展思路，城乡理想模式等进行了深入探讨；并针对健康管理体系建设、养生养老、医养结合、健康保险、社会办医、金融保障等重点问题，提出了为顺应中国健康服务业发展战略顺畅实施的保障措施和相关建议。

关键词：健康服务业全民健康发展战略

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促进国家对地观测体系顺利发展的思考

郭建宁

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第10期页码 47-53

摘要：

介绍了我国对地观测体系已经开展的工作；提出了改进遥感数据质量是基础，扩大数据共享是关键，开展典型应用为国民经济服务是目的的发展战略。

关键词：卫星应用遥感对地观测体系数据共享

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Achievements of the national malaria control and elimination program in the People’s Republic of China

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 85-92 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0917-7

摘要： In 2017, China achieved the target of zero indigenous malaria case for the first time, and has been certified as malaria free by World Health Organization in 2021. To further summarize the historical achievements and technical experiences of the elimination program, a project on the Roadmap Analysis and Verification for Malaria Elimination in China was carried out. Results of the project were compiled and published as the Atlas of Malaria Transmission in China (The Atlas). The Atlas using modern digital information technologies, has been supported by various data from 24 malaria endemic provinces of China since 1950, to assess the changes in malaria epidemic patterns from 1950 to 2019 at national and provincial levels. The Atlas is designed as two volumes, including a total of 1850 thematic maps and more than 130 charts, consisting of introductory maps, thematic maps of malaria epidemic and control at national and provincial levels. It objectively and directly shows the epidemic history, evolution process, and great achievements of the national malaria control and elimination program in China. The Atlas has important reference value for summing up historical experience in the national malaria elimination program of China, and malaria control and elimination in other endemic countries in the world.

关键词： malaria transmission control elimination China atlas